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Java Operators |
Java Operators
An operator in Java is a symbol that is used to perform operations. Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. Example: +, -, *, /, %, etc.
We can divide all the Java Operators
into the following groups:
1.
Arithmetic Operators
2.
Relational Operators
3.
Unary Operators
4.
Bitwise Operator
5.
Shift Operators
6.
Logical Operators
7.
Assignment Operators
8.
Ternary Operators
1. Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used in
mathematical expressions. Such as addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, etc.
Example program to compute the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of two numbers.
Code:
public class OperatorDemo1{
public
static void main(String[] args){
double num1 = 12.0;
double num2 = 3.0;
System.out.println(“Num1 = “+num1);
System.out.println(“Num2 = “+num2);
//compute addition
double add = num1 + num2;
//print addition
System.out.println(“Addition = “+add);
//compute subtraction
double subtract = num1 – num2;
//print subtraction
System.out.println(“Subtraction = “+subtract);
//compute multiplication
double multiply = num1 * num2;
//print multiplication
System.out.println(“Multiplication = “+multiply);
//compute division
double division = num1 / num2;
//
compute division
System.out.println(“Division = “+division);
}
}
Save this program as ‘OperatorDemo1.java’
Compile: $javac OperatorDemo1.java
Execute: $java OperatorDemo1
Output:
Num1 = 12.0
Num2 = 3.0
Addition = 15.0
Subtraction = 9.0
Multiplication = 36.0
Division = 4.0
Note: All
the arithmetic operators are binary since they operate on two operands at a
time.
2.
Relational Operator
These
operators are used to check for relations like equality, greater than, less
than, etc. they return Boolean result after the comparison and are extensively
used in looping as well as conditional if-else statements.
Syntax: variable relational_operator value
List of relational operators
3. Unary Operators
Unary
operators need only one operand. They are used for increment, decrement or
negate a value.
++:
Increment operators: In Java programming language ++
operators are called increment operators. There are two types of increment
operators:
Ã
Prefix increment operators
Ã
Postfix increment operators
Prefix
increment operators
These
operators add one value to the operands. This means this operator helps us to
increase one value to the particular operand/variable.
Syntax: ++var
Example:
var num = 5
++num
1
+ num
1
+ 5 = 6
Postfix
increment operator
These
operators can also increase one value to the operand. But after executing the
statement.
Syntax: var++
Example: var
num = 10
num++
10
+ 1 = 11
--:
Decrement operators: In Java programming language --
operators are called decrement operators. There are two types of decrement
operators:
Ã
Prefix decrement operators
Ã
Postfix decrement operators
Prefix
decrement operators
These
operators help us to decrease one value to the operand/variable before
executing the statement.
Syntax: --var
Example: var
x = 5
--x
1
- x = 1 - 5 = 4
Postfix
decrement operators
These
operators help us to decrease one value to the operand/variable after executing
the statement.
Syntax: var++
Example: var
x = 5
x--
x
- 1 = 5 - 1 = 4
–: Unary minus, used for negating the
values.
+: Unary plus, used for giving
positive values. Only used when deliberately converting a negative value to
positive.
4.
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise
operators are used to perform manipulation of individual bits of a number. They
can be used with any of the integral types (char, int, short, etc).
This
would enable us to perform machine-level operations. Bitwise operators are used
in the bit-level programming.
Java
provides four bitwise operators to perform bit-level operations.
5. Shift Operators
These
operators are used to shift the bits of a number left/right thereby
multiplying/dividing the number by two respectively.
Java
programming language provides three-bit shift operators.
6. Logical Operators
The logical operators work on the
Boolean operand. It’s also called “Boolean Logical Operators”. It operates on
two Boolean values as a result.
There are three types of logical
operators in Java:
Truth table: Logical AND (&&)
Truth table: Logical OR (||)
Truth table: Logical NOT (!)
7. Assignment Operators
The assignment operators are
represented as “equal sign” (=). The assignment operators are used in Java to
assign values to the variables.
The assignment operator assigns the
value on its right to the variable on its left.
8. Ternary Operator
The ternary operator is also known as
the “Conditional Operator”. This operator consists of three operands and it is
used to evaluate Boolean expressions.
Syntax: Variable = (expression)? value if true: value if false;
Example
program of ternary operator
public class
OperatorDemo2{
public static void main(String[] args){
int num1 = 50;
int num2 = 40;
String result;
System.out.println("First number:
"+num1);
System.out.println("Second number:
"+num2);
result = (num1>num2) ? "The first
number is greater than second." : "The second number is greater than
first.";
System.out.println(result);
}
}
Save this
file as ‘OperatorDemo2.java’
Compile: $javac OperatorDemo2.java
Execute: $java OperatorDemo2
Output:
First
number: 50
Second
number: 40
The first
number is greater than second.
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