Java Literals are syntactic representations
of Boolean, numeric, character or string data.
Any constant value which can
be assigned to the variable is called as literal/constant.
Example: int num = 100;
//here 100 is literal/constant
Types of java Literals
1. Integer Literals
2. Floating-point Literals
3. Boolean Literals
4. Character Literals
5. String Literals
1. Integer Literals
For Integer data types
(byte, int, short, long), we can specify literals in four ways:
i. Decimal literals (base
10)
In this form, the allowed
digits are 0-9.
Example: int num = 123;
ii. Octal literals (base 8)
In this form, the allowed
digits are 0-7.
iii. Hexa-decimal literals
(base 16)
In this form, the allowed
digits are 0-9 and characters are A-F. We can use both Upper-case/lower-case
characters.
Note: The hexa-decimal
number should be prefix with 0x/0X.
Example: int num =
0X123Face;
iv. Binary literals
From 1.7 onward we can
specify literals value even in binary form also, allowed digits are 0 and 1. Literals
value should be prefix with 0b/0B.
Example: int num = 0b00111;
/*
Java program to illustrate the application of Integer literals.
Date: Saturaday, 04-04-2020
@author: Ankur Saxena
Platform: Linux Ubuntu 12.04 (32-bit)/Jdk 8/Brackets text editor
*/
public class IntegerLiteralDemo{
public static void main
(String[] args){
int num1 = 123;
//decimal literal
int num2 = 0123; //octal
literal
int num3 =
0x123Face; //hexa-decimal literal
int num4 = 0b00111;
//binary literal
System.out.println
(num1);
System.out.println
(num2);
System.out.println
(num3);
System.out.println
(num4);
}
}
Save this file as ‘IntegerLiteralDemo.java’
Compile: $javac IntegerLiteralDemo.java
Execute: $java IntegerLiteralDemo
Output:
123
83
19135182
7
2. Floating-point Literals
For floating-point data types, we can specify
literals in only decimal form and we cannot specify in octal and hexa-decimal
forms.
--> Decimal literals
(base 10)
In this form, the allowed digits are 0-9.
Example: double num = 123. 456;
/*
Java program to illustrate the application of floating-point
literals.
Date: Saturaday, 04-04-2020
@author: Ankur Saxena
Platform: Linux Ubuntu 12.04 (32-bit)/Jdk 8/Brackets text editor
*/
public class FloatingPointLiteralDemo{
public static void main
(String[] args){
double num1 =
122.111; //decimal literal
double num2 = 0123.456;
/*it also acts as decimal literal*/
double num3 = 0x111.222;
//hexa-decimal literal
System.out.println
(num1);
System.out.println
(num2);
System.out.println
(num3);
}
}
Save this file as ‘FloatingPointLiteralDemo.java’
Compile: $javac FloatingPointLiteralDemo.java
Execute: $java FloatingPointLiteralDemo
Output:
error: malformed floating point literal
/*
Java program to illustrate the application of
floating-point literals.
Date: Saturaday, 04-04-2020
@author: Ankur Saxena
Platform: Linux Ubuntu 12.04 (32-bit)/Jdk 8/Brackets text
editor
*/
public class FloatingPointLiteralDemo1{
public static void
main (String[] args){
double num1 = 122.111; //decimal literal
double num2 = 0123.456; /*it also acts as
decimal literal*/
// double num3 = 0x111.222; //hexa-decimal
literal
System.out.println
(num1);
System.out.println
(num2);
// System.out.println (num3);
}
}
Save this file as ‘FloatingPointLiteralDemo1.java’
Compile: $javac FloatingPointLiteralDemo1.java
Execute: $java FloatingPointLiteralDemo1
Output:
122.111
123.456
3. Boolean Literals
In this form, only two values are allowed, i.e.
true and false.
Example: boolean num = true;
/*
Java program to illustrate the application of Boolean Literals.
Date: Saturaday, 04-04-2020
@author: Ankur Saxena
Platform: Linux Ubuntu 12.04 (32-bit)/Jdk 8/Brackets text editor
*/
public class BooleanLiteralDemo{
public static void main
(String[] args){
boolean num1 = true;
boolean num2 =
false;
boolean num3 = 0;
boolean num4 = 1;
System.out.println
(num1);
System.out.println
(num2);
System.out.println
(num3);
System.out.println
(num4);
}
}
Save this file as ‘BooleanLiteralDemo.java’
Compile: $javac BooleanLiteralDemo.java
Execute: $java BooleanLiteralDemo
Output:
error: incompatible types: int cannot be converted to boolean
boolean num3 = 0;
error: incompatible types: int cannot be converted to boolean
boolean num4 = 1;
/*
Java program to illustrate the application of Boolean Literals.
Date: Saturaday, 04-04-2020
@author: Ankur Saxena
Platform: Linux Ubuntu 12.04 (32-bit)/Jdk 8/Brackets text editor
*/
public class BooleanLiteralDemo1{
public static void main
(String[] args){
boolean num1 =
true;
boolean num2 =
false;
//boolean num3 = 0;
//boolean num4 = 1;
System.out.println
(num1);
System.out.println
(num2);
//System.out.println
(num3);
//System.out.println
(num4);
}
}
Save this file as ‘BooleanLiteralDemo1.java’
Compile: $javac BooleanLiteralDemo1.java
Execute: $java BooleanLiteralDemo1
Output:
true
false
4. Character Literals
For character data types, we can specify literals in four ways:
i. Single quote:
We can specify literals to char data type as single character within
single quote.
Example: char ch = ‘a’;
ii. Character literal as Integer literal
We can specify character literal as integer literal which represents
Unicode value of the character and that integer literals can be specified
either in decimal, octal and hexa-decimal forms. But the allowed range is 0 to
65535.
Example: char ch = 0152;
iii. Unicode representation
We can specify character literals in Unicode representation ‘\uxxxx’. Here
xxxx represents 4 gexa-decimal values.
Example: char ch = ‘u0041’;
iv. Escape sequence
Every escape sequence can be specified as the character literals.
Example: char ch = ‘\n’;
Escape Meaning
\n new
line
\t tab
\b backspace
\r carriage
return
\f form
feed
\\ backslash
\’ single
quote
\” double
quote
\d octal
\xd hexa-decimal
\ud Unicode character
5. String Literals
Any sequence of characters within double quotes is treated as the String
Literals.
Example: String str = “Hello World!”
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